Using this technique, simulations are performed in a Lorentz boosted frame in which the plasma length, which is Lorentz contracted, and the laser length, which is Lorentz expanded, are now comparable. In the lab frame the plasma length is typically four orders of magnitude larger than the laser pulse length. In this dissertation, we systematically explore the use of a simulation method for modeling laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) using the particle-in-cell (PIC) method, called the Lorentz boosted frame technique. Lorentz boosted frame simulation technique in Particle-in-cell methods
Further investigation is needed to verify the possible negative influence of oncoplastic surgery on the cosmetic outcome and the quality of life as this technique is especially indicated for patients with an unfavourable tumour/breast volume ratio. Our study indicates that the current RT techniques seem to be safe for cosmetic outcome and quality of life. Quality of life outcome was in favour of SIB, hypofractionation and conventional surgery. However, the conventional lumpectomy group scored significantly better than the oncoplastic group in the re evaluation, without a significant difference in the subjective cosmetic evaluation. Univariate analyses indicated no significant differences of the cosmetic results (P ≤ 0.05) for the type of boost or fractionation. Patients also completed the EORTC QLQ C30 and BR23. Independent-samples T-tests were used to compare outcome in different groups. We compared cosmetic results subjectively using a questionnaire independently completed by the patient and by the physician and objectively with the re software. The boost was given sequentially (55%) or by SIB (45%) fractionation was conventional (83%) or hypofractionated (17%) the surgical technique was a conventional lumpectomy (74%) or an oncoplastic technique (26%). We retrospectively investigated the possible influence of a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB), hypofractionation and oncoplastic surgery on cosmetic outcome in 125 patients with stage I-II breast cancer treated with breast conserving therapy (BCT). Lansu, J T P Essers, M Voogd, A C Luiten, E J T Buijs, C Groenendaal, N Poortmans, P M H The influence of simultaneous integrated boost, hypofractionation and oncoplastic surgery on cosmetic outcome and PROMs after breast conserving therapy.
RPG MAKER MV DAMAGE FORMULA SKIN
The SIB technique is proposed for standard use in breast-conserving radiotherapy because of its dose-limiting capabilities, easy implementation, reduced number of treatment fractions, and relatively low incidence of acute skin toxicity. Of the evaluated patients, 32.2% had Grade 2 or worse toxicity. The mean volume receiving > or =107% of the breast dose was reduced by 20%, the mean volume outside the boost PTV receiving > or =95% of the boost dose was reduced by 54%, and the mean heart and lung dose were reduced by 10%. With SIB, more efficiently shaped boost beams resulted in smaller irradiated volumes. PTV coverage was adequate with both techniques.
Acute skin toxicity was evaluated for 90 patients treated with the SIB technique according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0. Dose-volume histograms of the PTVs and organs at risk with the SIB technique, 28 x (1.81 + 0.49 Gy), were compared with those for the sequential boost technique, 25 x 2 Gy + 8 x 2 Gy. Three-dimensional conformal beams with wedges were shaped and weighted using forward planning. The breast and boost planning target volumes (PTVs) were treated simultaneously (i.e., for each fraction, the breast and boost PTVs received 1.81 Gy and 2.3 Gy, respectively). Thirty patients with early-stage left-sided breast cancer underwent breast-conserving radiotherapy using the SIB technique. To compare the target coverage and normal tissue dose with the simultaneously integrated boost (SIB) and the sequential boost technique in breast cancer, and to evaluate the incidence of acute skin toxicity in patients treated with the SIB technique. Van der Laan, Hans Paul Dolsma, Wil V Maduro, John H Korevaar, Erik W Hollander, Miranda Langendijk, Johannes A Three-dimensional conformal simultaneously integrated boost technique for breast-conserving radiotherapy.
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